---
title: Ascertain the reason for which a red apple presents a red appearance. — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which a red apple presents a red appearance. Exam question 4 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Light and shadows

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which a red apple presents a red appearance.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, red apple · **What happens:** ascertain, present · **To what, where:** reason, red appearance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/20-light-and-shadows/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which a red apple presents a red appearance.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **present** | present | a red apple | a red appearance |  |  |  | for the reason | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme for which=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It transmits all light without alteration

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e4:o1:1
# text = It transmits all light without alteration
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	transmits	transmit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transmit** | present | It | all light |  |  |  | without alteration | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It emits red light of its own

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e4:o2:1
# text = It emits red light of its own
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	emits	emit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | present | It | red light of light's own |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source light=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It reflects light of the red colour and absorbs the remainder

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e4:o3:1
# text = It reflects light of the red colour and absorbs the remainder
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	absorbs	absorb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | It | light of the red colour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **absorb** | present |  | the remainder |  |  |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal remainder=Theme |
| 3 | **light** |  |  | the red colour |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It absorbs light of the red colour and reflects the remainder

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:e4:o4:1
# text = It absorbs light of the red colour and reflects the remainder
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	absorbs	absorb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present | It | light of the red colour |  |  |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Goal light=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect** | present |  | the remainder |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **light** |  |  | the red colour |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Light and shadows, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/e3/)
- next →: [Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Light and shadows](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/)