---
title: A driver says a kid in dark clothes "came out of nowhere" at night.… — Light and shadows · tree and pragmatics
description: A driver says a kid in dark clothes "came out of nowhere" at night. What would have helped? Test 8 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · Light and shadows

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A driver says a kid in dark clothes "came out of nowhere" at night. What would have helped?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** driver, kid · **What happens:** say, come out, help · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 20 «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/20-light-and-shadows/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A driver says a kid in dark clothes "came out of nowhere" at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:1
# text = A driver says a kid in dark clothes "came out of nowhere" at night.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	nmod	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	nowhere	nowhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a driver |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come out** *in a quote* | past | a kid in dark clothes |  |  |  | night | nowhere *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What would have helped?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:2
# text = What would have helped?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | would · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Beneficiary |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reflective strip or bright vest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:o1:1
# text = A reflective strip or bright vest
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	reflective	reflective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walking along with no light at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:o2:1
# text = Walking along with no light at all
1	Walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	along	along	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  | all |  | with no light; along *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wearing a big woolly hat pulled down low

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:o3:1
# text = Wearing a big woolly hat pulled down low
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	woolly	woolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a big woolly hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |
| 2 | **pull down** | past | Wearing |  |  |  |  | down, low *property* | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A black coat and a pair of dark trousers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:20-light-and-shadows:t8:o4:1
# text = A black coat and a pair of dark trousers
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Light and shadows, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/t7/)
- next →: [Light and shadows, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/20-light-and-shadows/t9/)
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