---
title: It is given that an observer perceives a rainbow. Determine the posi… — Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that an observer perceives a rainbow. Determine the position of the Sun relative to the observer. Exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that an observer perceives a rainbow. Determine the position of the Sun relative to the observer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** observer, you · **What happens:** give, perceive, determine · **To what, where:** It, rainbow, position

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Mirrors, rainbows and the blue sky» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that an observer perceives a rainbow.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:1
# text = It is given that an observer perceives a rainbow.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	perceives	perceive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **perceive** | present | a observer | a rainbow |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer rainbow=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the position of the Sun relative to the observer.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:2
# text = Determine the position of the Sun relative to the observer.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the position of the Sun relative to the observer |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent position=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Directly before the observer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:o1:1
# text = Directly before the observer
1	Directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Below the horizon in front of the observer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:o2:1
# text = Below the horizon in front of the observer
1	Below	below	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horizon	horizon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Directly overhead

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:o3:1
# text = Directly overhead
1	Directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	overhead	overhead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behind the observer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:21-mirrors-rainbows-and-the-blue-sky:e3:o4:1
# text = Behind the observer
1	Behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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