---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Lenses and eyes · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard of observing the Sun directly? Exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Exam question 2 · Lenses and eyes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard of observing the Sun directly?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** hazard · **What happens:** follow, characteris, observe · **To what, where:** hazard, Sun

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hazard of observing the Sun directly?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hazard	hazard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	observing	observe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the hazard |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **observe** | gerund | the hazard *not said here* | the Sun |  |  |  | directly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sun=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ordinary sunglasses afford complete protection

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e2:o1:1
# text = Ordinary sunglasses afford complete protection
1	Ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sunglasses	sunglasses	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	afford	afford	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **afford** | infinitive | Ordinary sunglasses | complete protection |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No injury can result from brief observation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e2:o2:1
# text = No injury can result from brief observation
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	result	result	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | can | no injury |  |  | brief observation |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retina may be permanently injured without any sensation of pain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e2:o3:1
# text = The retina may be permanently injured without any sensation of pain
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	sensation	sensation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | may · passive |  | the retina |  |  |  | without any sensation of pain; permanently *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sense** |  |  | pain |  |  |  |  | nom sensation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The injury is invariably accompanied by intense pain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e2:o4:1
# text = The injury is invariably accompanied by intense pain
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	accompanied	accompany	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	intense	intense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accompany** | present · passive | intense pain | the injury |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Lenses and eyes, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e1/)
- next →: [Lenses and eyes, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Lenses and eyes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/)