---
title: It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image. Determine the orie… — Lenses and eyes · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image. Determine the orientation of the image so formed. Exam question 3 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Lenses and eyes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image. Determine the orientation of the image so formed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pinhole camera, you, orientation · **What happens:** give, form, determine · **To what, where:** It, image

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:1
# text = It is given that a pinhole camera forms an image.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **form** | present | a pinhole camera | a image |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location image=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the orientation of the image so formed.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:2
# text = Determine the orientation of the image so formed.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	orientation	orientation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **form** | past | the orientation of the image |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inverted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:o1:1
# text = Inverted
1	Inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rotated through a quarter turn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:o2:1
# text = Rotated through a quarter turn
1	Rotated	rotate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | participle |  |  |  | a quarter turn |  |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through turn=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upright

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:o3:1
# text = Upright
1	Upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reversed in colour only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e3:o4:1
# text = Reversed in colour only
1	Reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | participle |  |  |  | colour |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Lenses and eyes, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e2/)
- next →: [Lenses and eyes, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e4/)
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