---
title: Ascertain the nature of the apparent sheet of water observed upon a… — Lenses and eyes · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the nature of the apparent sheet of water observed upon a heated road surface. Exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Lenses and eyes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the nature of the apparent sheet of water observed upon a heated road surface.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, observe, heat · **To what, where:** nature, apparent sheet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the nature of the apparent sheet of water observed upon a heated road surface.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	apparent	apparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
14	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the nature of the apparent sheet of water |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nature=Topic |
| 2 | **observe** | participle |  | the apparent sheet of water *not said here* |  |  |  | upon a heated road surface | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **heat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light from the sky refracted by heated air adjacent to the road

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e4:o1:1
# text = Light from the sky refracted by heated air adjacent to the road
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	refracted	refract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	heated	heat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	adjacent	adjacent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refract** | participle |  | Light from the sky *not said here* |  |  |  | by heated air | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **heat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vapour emitted by the road surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e4:o2:1
# text = Vapour emitted by the road surface
1	Vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | participle |  | Vapour *not said here* |  |  |  | by the road surface | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water deposited by passing vehicles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e4:o3:1
# text = Water deposited by passing vehicles
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	deposited	deposit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deposit** | participle |  | Water *not said here* |  |  |  | by passing vehicles | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by vehicle=Destination |
| 2 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reflection of the observer's own shadow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:22-lenses-and-eyes:e4:o4:1
# text = A reflection of the observer's own shadow
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	observer	observer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shadow** |  | the observer |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Lenses and eyes, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/e3/)
- next →: [Heat moves: hot to cold, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Lenses and eyes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/)