---
title: In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a… — Heat moves: hot to cold · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart. What is the steam doing for the tea? Test 5 of lesson 23 «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Test 5 · Heat moves: hot to cold

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart. What is the steam doing for the tea?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** character, steam · **What happens:** hold, curl, be, do · **To what, where:** mug, cartoon, heart

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 23 «Heat moves: hot to cold» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:1
# text = In a cartoon, a character holds a mug of tea and steam curls into a heart.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mug	mug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	curls	curl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a character | a mug of tea |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent mug=Theme in cartoon=Location |
| 2 | **curl** | present | steam |  |  | a heart |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into heart=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the steam doing for the tea?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:2
# text = What is the steam doing for the tea?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the steam |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | the steam *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the tea | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making the tea stronger and darker

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:o1:1
# text = Making the tea stronger and darker
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	darker	dark	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | the tea |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tea=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keeping it warm by staying close to it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:o2:1
# text = Keeping it warm by staying close to it
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **stay** | gerund |  |  | it |  |  | close *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrying heat away and cooling it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:o3:1
# text = Carrying heat away and cooling it
1	Carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry away** | gerund |  | heat |  |  |  | away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |
| 2 | **cool** | gerund |  | heat |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slowly turning the tea into hot cocoa

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:23-heat-moves-hot-to-cold:t5:o4:1
# text = Slowly turning the tea into hot cocoa
1	Slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund |  | the tea |  | hot cocoa |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent tea=Theme into cocoa=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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