---
title: Ascertain the reason for which expansion joints are incorporated int… — Melting, freezing and boiling · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which expansion joints are incorporated into bridges. Exam question 4 of lesson 24 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Melting, freezing and boiling

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which expansion joints are incorporated into bridges.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, incorporate · **To what, where:** reason, expansion joints

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 24 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which expansion joints are incorporated into bridges.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	incorporated	incorporate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **incorporate** | present · passive |  | expansion joints |  |  |  | for the reason; into bridges | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient into bridge=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To accommodate the expansion and contraction of the structure with temperature

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:e4:o1:1
# text = To accommodate the expansion and contraction of the structure with temperature
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	accommodate	accommodate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	contraction	contraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accommodate** | to-infinitive |  | the expansion of the structure and contraction |  |  |  | with temperature | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expansion=Patient |
| 2 | **expand** |  |  | the structure |  |  |  |  | nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reduce the speed of vehicles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:e4:o2:1
# text = To reduce the speed of vehicles
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  | the speed of vehicles |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer speed=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To generate a warning sound

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:e4:o3:1
# text = To generate a warning sound
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	generate	generate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **generate** | to-infinitive |  | a warning sound |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To permit the drainage of rainwater exclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:e4:o4:1
# text = To permit the drainage of rainwater exclusively
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	permit	permit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drainage	drainage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | to-infinitive |  | the drainage of rainwater |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drainage=Theme |
| 2 | **drain** |  | rainwater |  |  |  |  |  | nom drainage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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