---
title: Why does your breath make a little cloud on a cold day but not on a… — Melting, freezing and boiling · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does your breath make a little cloud on a cold day but not on a warm one? Test 6 · ★★ of lesson 24 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★★ · Melting, freezing and boiling

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does your breath make a little cloud on a cold day but not on a warm one?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** breath · **What happens:** make · **To what, where:** little cloud

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 24 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/#t6).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:t6:1
# text = Why does your breath make a little cloud on a cold day but not on a warm one?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · do-support | your breath | a little cloud |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cold air turns the vapour in your breath into droplets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:t6:o1:1
# text = The cold air turns the vapour in your breath into droplets
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	droplets	droplet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the cold air | the vapour |  |  |  | into droplets; in your breath | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent vapour=Patient into droplet=Recipient in breath=Topic |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your lungs only make little clouds in winter, to keep you warm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:t6:o2:1
# text = Your lungs only make little clouds in winter, to keep you warm
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Your lungs | little clouds |  |  | winter |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cloud=Product |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your breath is hotter in winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:t6:o3:1
# text = Your breath is hotter in winter
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your breath |  |  |  | winter | hot *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your breath is smokier in winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:24-melting-freezing-and-boiling:t6:o4:1
# text = Your breath is smokier in winter
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	breath	breath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	smokier	smoky	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Your breath |  |  |  | winter | smoky *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Melting, freezing and boiling, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/t5/)
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- ↑ back to [Melting, freezing and boiling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/24-melting-freezing-and-boiling/)