---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the deployment of a parachut… — Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the deployment of a parachute diminishes the velocity of descent. Exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 1 · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the deployment of a parachute diminishes the velocity of descent.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, deployment · **What happens:** identify, diminish, deploy · **To what, where:** principal reason, velocity, parachute

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the deployment of a parachute diminishes the velocity of descent.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	deployment	deployment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	parachute	parachute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	diminishes	diminish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	velocity	velocity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	descent	descent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **diminish** | present | the deployment of a parachute | the velocity of descent |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer velocity=Patient |
| 3 | **deploy** |  |  | a parachute |  |  |  |  | nom deployment «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canopy neutralises the gravitational attraction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e1:o1:1
# text = The canopy neutralises the gravitational attraction
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	neutralises	neutralis	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	attraction	attraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **neutralis** | present | the canopy | the gravitational attraction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canopy draws the parachutist upwards towards the aircraft

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e1:o2:1
# text = The canopy draws the parachutist upwards towards the aircraft
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	draws	draw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	parachutist	parachutist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	aircraft	aircraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present | the canopy | the parachutist |  | the aircraft |  | upwards *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent parachutist=Theme towards aircraft=Destination |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The extensive canopy encounters a considerable resistance of the air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e1:o3:1
# text = The extensive canopy encounters a considerable resistance of the air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	extensive	extensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	encounters	encounter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	considerable	considerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	resistance	resistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encounter** | present | the extensive canopy | a considerable resistance of the air |  |  |  |  | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer resistance=Stimulus |
| 2 | **resist** |  |  | the air |  |  |  |  | nom resistance «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canopy is of lesser density than the surrounding air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e1:o4:1
# text = The canopy is of lesser density than the surrounding air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canopy	canopy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	lesser	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	density	density	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the canopy |  |  |  |  | of lesser density; than the surrounding air | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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