--- title: Ascertain the advantage to a tree of seeds that descend slowly. — Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the advantage to a tree of seeds that descend slowly. Exam question 4 of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely Ascertain the advantage to a tree of seeds that descend slowly. **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, seeds · **What happens:** ascertain, descend · **To what, where:** advantage This is exam question 4 of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e4:1 # text = Ascertain the advantage to a tree of seeds that descend slowly. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 advantage advantage NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 descend descend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 11 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the advantage | | | | to a tree of seeds | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Topic | | 2 | **descend** | present | seeds | | | | | slowly *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} The seeds germinate in the air some time before landing ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e4:o1:1 # text = The seeds germinate in the air some time before landing 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 germinate germinate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 8 det _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 9 before before SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 10 landing land VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **germinate** | present | the seeds | | | the air | time | | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **land** | gerund | the seeds *not said here* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} The seeds are rendered heavier upon landing ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e4:o2:1 # text = The seeds are rendered heavier upon landing 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 rendered render VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 heavier heavy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 xcomp _ _ 6 upon upon ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 landing landing NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **render** | present · passive | | the seeds | | | | upon landing; heavy *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3} The wind may convey them to a distance from the parent ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e4:o3:1 # text = The wind may convey them to a distance from the parent 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 convey convey VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obj _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 distance distance NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 parent parent NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **convey** | may | the wind | them *= they* | a distance from the parent | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Topic to distance=Recipient | ### Option 4 {#o4} The seeds are protected from all animals ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:e4:o4:1 # text = The seeds are protected from all animals 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 protected protect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 7 det _ _ 7 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **protect** | present · passive | | the seeds | | | | from all animals | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from animal=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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