---
title: Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch. When must a h… — Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely · tree and pragmatics
description: Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch. When must a helmet be replaced? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch. When must a helmet be replaced?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** helmet · **What happens:** fall off, have, replace · **To what, where:** table, tiny scratch, helmet

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 3 «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:1
# text = Your helmet fell off the table and has a tiny scratch.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | Your helmet | the table |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient table=Extent |
| 2 | **have** | present | Your helmet *not said here* | a tiny scratch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scratch=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* When must a helmet be replaced?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:2
# text = When must a helmet be replaced?
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | must · passive |  | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never, because good helmets last for ever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:o1:1
# text = Never, because good helmets last for ever
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	last	last	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **last** | present | good helmets |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a big knock that crushes the foam

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:o2:1
# text = After a big knock that crushes the foam
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	knock	knock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	crushes	crush	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crush** | present | a big knock | the foam |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foam=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every month, no matter what has happened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:o3:1
# text = Every month, no matter what has happened
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · perfect | no matter |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After every single small scratch or mark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:3-parachutes-and-falling-safely:t7:o4:1
# text = After every single small scratch or mark
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
3	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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