---
title: Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine". Why? — Energy: what makes things happen · tree and pragmatics
description: Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine". Why? Test 8 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · Energy: what makes things happen

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine". Why?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** call, store · **To what, where:** Coal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 31 «Energy: what makes things happen» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/31-energy-what-makes-things-happen/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:1
# text = Coal, oil and gas are sometimes called "stored sunshine".
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Coal and oil and gas |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **store** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:2
# text = Why?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are only dug up in sunny countries

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:o1:1
# text = They are only dug up in sunny countries
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sunny	sunny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig up** | present · passive |  | They |  | sunny countries |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in country=Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They formed from living things that caught sunlight long ago

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:o2:1
# text = They formed from living things that caught sunlight long ago
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past | They |  |  | living things |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | past | living things | sunlight |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sunlight=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They glow faintly yellow in the dark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:o3:1
# text = They glow faintly yellow in the dark
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	faintly	faintly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | They |  |  | the dark |  | faintly, yellow *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dark=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were melted together by the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:31-energy-what-makes-things-happen:t8:o4:1
# text = They were melted together by the Sun
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | past · passive | the Sun | They |  |  |  | together *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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