---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Levers: lifting heavy things with a li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a lever employed to raise a heavy object? Exam question 3 of lesson 33 «Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Exam question 3 · Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a lever employed to raise a heavy object?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ, raise, operate · **To what, where:** operation, lever, heavy object

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 33 «Levers: lifting heavy things with a little push» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a lever employed to raise a heavy object?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lever	lever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the operation of a lever |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  | a lever *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **raise** | to-infinitive |  | a heavy object |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme |
| 5 | **operate** |  |  | a lever |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lever reduces the weight of the object itself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push:e3:o1:1
# text = The lever reduces the weight of the object itself
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lever	lever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	8	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present | the lever | the weight of the object  lever |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer weight=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small force applied far from the pivot yields a greater force near it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push:e3:o2:1
# text = A small force applied far from the pivot yields a greater force near it
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pivot	pivot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	yields	yield	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apply** | participle |  | a small force *not said here* |  | the pivot |  | far *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **yield** | present | a small force | a greater force |  | pivot |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lever creates additional energy for the user

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push:e3:o3:1
# text = The lever creates additional energy for the user
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lever	lever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	creates	create	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	user	user	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **create** | present | the lever | additional energy |  |  |  | for the user | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent energy=Result for user=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large force applied near the pivot yields a smaller force far from it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:33-levers-lifting-heavy-things-with-a-little-push:e3:o4:1
# text = A large force applied near the pivot yields a smaller force far from it
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pivot	pivot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	yields	yield	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apply** | participle |  | a large force *not said here* |  | the pivot |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent near pivot=Destination |
| 2 | **yield** | present | a large force | a smaller force |  |  |  | far *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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