---
title: In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no… — Pulleys, gears and big machines · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright. What's wrong? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each 
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · Pulleys, gears and big machines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright. What's wrong?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** crane · **What happens:** lift, stay, be · **To what, where:** whole ship, cartoon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:1
# text = In a cartoon, a crane lifts a whole ship far out on its arm with no counterweight and stays perfectly upright.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	crane	crane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	counterweight	counterweight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | present | a crane | a whole ship |  | a cartoon |  | on crane's arm; with no counterweight | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent ship=Theme in cartoon=Destination on arm=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **stay** | present | a crane *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upright *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's wrong?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:2
# text = What's wrong?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cranes can lift anything at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:o1:1
# text = Cranes can lift anything at all
1	Cranes	crane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | can | Cranes | anything |  | all |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent anything=Theme at all=Destination |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A real crane would tip over without balance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:o2:1
# text = A real crane would tip over without balance
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crane	crane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	tip	tip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tip over** | would | a real crane |  |  |  |  | without balance; over *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ships are lighter than air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:o3:1
# text = Ships are lighter than air
1	Ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ships |  |  |  |  | than air; light *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, a real crane never tips over whatever it lifts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t3:o4:1
# text = Nothing, a real crane never tips over whatever it lifts
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	crane	crane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	tips	tip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lifts	lift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tip over** | present | Nothing |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lift** | present | crane | whatever |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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