---
title: Why did villagers long ago build their mill next to a stream? — Pulleys, gears and big machines · tree and pragmatics
description: Why did villagers long ago build their mill next to a stream? Test 8 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · ★★ · Pulleys, gears and big machines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why did villagers long ago build their mill next to a stream?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** villagers · **What happens:** build · **To what, where:** mill

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 35 «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t8:1
# text = Why did villagers long ago build their mill next to a stream?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mill	mill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	next	next	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · do-support | villagers | villagers's mill |  |  |  | ago, next *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mill=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flour must be washed after grinding

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t8:o1:1
# text = Flour must be washed after grinding
1	Flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | must · passive |  | Flour |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **grind** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The miller needed water to drink

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t8:o2:1
# text = The miller needed water to drink
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	miller	miller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | the miller | water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drink** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flowing water turned the wheel that ground the flour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t8:o3:1
# text = Flowing water turned the wheel that ground the flour
1	Flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	det	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | past | Flowing water | the wheel |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP ADJ.result»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme flour=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Streams keep millstones cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines:t8:o4:1
# text = Streams keep millstones cold
1	Streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	millstones	millstone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Streams | millstones |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent millstone=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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