---
title: Ascertain the approximate factor by which the braking distance of a… — Speed: fast and slow · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the approximate factor by which the braking distance of a vehicle increases when its speed is doubled. Exam question 2 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 2 · Speed: fast and slow

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the approximate factor by which the braking distance of a vehicle increases when its speed is doubled.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, braking distance · **What happens:** ascertain, increase, double · **To what, where:** approximate factor, speed

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e2:1
# text = Ascertain the approximate factor by which the braking distance of a vehicle increases when its speed is doubled.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	approximate	approximate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	factor	factor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	braking	braking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	increases	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
14	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	doubled	double	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the approximate factor |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent factor=Topic |
| 2 | **increase** | present | the braking distance of a vehicle |  |  |  |  | by the approximate factor | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **double** | present · passive |  | distance's speed |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It remains unaltered

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e2:o1:1
# text = It remains unaltered
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unaltered	unaltered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unaltered *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Approximately fourfold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e2:o2:1
# text = Approximately fourfold
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	fourfold	fourfold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Approximately twofold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e2:o3:1
# text = Approximately twofold
1	Approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	twofold	twofold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is reduced by one half

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e2:o4:1
# text = It is reduced by one half
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present · passive | one half | It |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Speed: fast and slow, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/e1/)
- next →: [Speed: fast and slow, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Speed: fast and slow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/)