---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Speed: fast and slow · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the forward motion of a passenger when a vehicle decelerates abruptly? Exam question 3 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of ea
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Speed: fast and slow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Speed: fast and slow

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the forward motion of a passenger when a vehicle decelerates abruptly?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** vehicle, passenger · **What happens:** follow, characteris, decelerate, motion · **To what, where:** forward motion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 36 «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the forward motion of a passenger when a vehicle decelerates abruptly?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	forward	forward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	18	mark	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	decelerates	decelerate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
19	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the forward motion of a passenger |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **decelerate** | present | a vehicle |  |  |  |  | abruptly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **motion** |  | a passenger |  |  |  |  |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brakes attract the passenger towards the front

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e3:o1:1
# text = The brakes attract the passenger towards the front
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attract	attract	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attract** | present | the brakes | the passenger |  |  |  | towards the front | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passenger=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The body of the passenger tends to continue in its state of motion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e3:o2:1
# text = The body of the passenger tends to continue in its state of motion
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	tends	tend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	continue	continue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tend** | present | the body of the passenger |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **continue** | to-infinitive | the body of the passenger *not said here* |  |  | body's state of motion |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The seat exerts a forward force upon the passenger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e3:o3:1
# text = The seat exerts a forward force upon the passenger
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exerts	exert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exert** | present | the seat | a forward force |  |  |  | upon the passenger | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The air contained within the vehicle propels the passenger forwards

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:36-speed-fast-and-slow:e3:o4:1
# text = The air contained within the vehicle propels the passenger forwards
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	contained	contain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	propels	propel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	forwards	forward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | participle |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  | within the vehicle | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **propel** | present | the air | the passenger forwards |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Speed: fast and slow, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/e2/)
- next →: [Speed: fast and slow, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Speed: fast and slow](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/)