---
title: Ascertain the reason for which a child of small stature is required… — Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the reason for which a child of small stature is required to employ a booster seat. Exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the reason for which a child of small stature is required to employ a booster seat.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, require, employ · **To what, where:** reason, child, booster seat

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 37 «Seat belts, crashes and keeping safe» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe:e2:1
# text = Ascertain the reason for which a child of small stature is required to employ a booster seat.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stature	stature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	employ	employ	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	booster	booster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 2 | **require** | present · passive |  | a child of small stature |  |  |  | for the reason | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **employ** | to-infinitive |  | a booster seat |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seat=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So that the child's weight is increased for safety

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe:e2:o1:1
# text = So that the child's weight is increased for safety
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present · passive |  | the child's weight |  |  |  | for safety | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So that the child is positioned nearer to the airbag

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe:e2:o2:1
# text = So that the child is positioned nearer to the airbag
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	positioned	position	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	airbag	airbag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **position** | present · passive |  | the child |  |  |  | to the airbag; near *property* | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So that the child may observe the road more readily

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe:e2:o3:1
# text = So that the child may observe the road more readily
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	readily	readily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | may | the child | the road |  |  |  | readily *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent road=Topic |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So that the belt passes across the shoulder and hips rather than the neck and abdomen

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:37-seat-belts-crashes-and-keeping-safe:e2:o4:1
# text = So that the belt passes across the shoulder and hips rather than the neck and abdomen
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hips	hip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	14	cc	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	abdomen	abdomen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | the belt |  |  | the shoulder and hips |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across shoulder=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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