---
title: Identify the principle by which a rocket is propelled in the absence… — Rockets, record speeds and motion ever… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principle by which a rocket is propelled in the absence of an atmosphere. Exam question 1 of lesson 38 «Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 1 · Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principle by which a rocket is propelled in the absence of an atmosphere.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principle · **What happens:** identify, propel, absent · **To what, where:** principle, rocket, absence, atmosphere

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 38 «Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere:e1:1
# text = Identify the principle by which a rocket is propelled in the absence of an atmosphere.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	propelled	propel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principle |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent principle=Theme |
| 2 | **propel** | present · passive | the principle | a rocket |  | the absence of a atmosphere |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **absent** |  |  | a atmosphere |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocket is drawn upward by the gravity of the Moon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere:e1:o1:1
# text = The rocket is drawn upward by the gravity of the Moon
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	drawn	draw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present · passive | the gravity of the Moon | the rocket |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gas expelled in one direction exerts an equal push upon the rocket in the opposite direction

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere:e1:o2:1
# text = Gas expelled in one direction exerts an equal push upon the rocket in the opposite direction
1	Gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	expelled	expel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	exerts	exert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expel** | participle |  | Gas *not said here* |  | one direction |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **exert** | present | Gas | a equal push |  | the opposite direction |  | upon the rocket | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent push=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocket is borne aloft by the solar wind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere:e1:o3:1
# text = The rocket is borne aloft by the solar wind
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	solar	solar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive | the solar wind | the rocket |  |  |  | aloft *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rocket pushes against the surrounding air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere:e1:o4:1
# text = The rocket pushes against the surrounding air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rocket	rocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present | the rocket |  |  |  |  | against the surrounding air | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against air=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Rockets, record speeds and motion ever…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere/t12/)
- next →: [Rockets, record speeds and motion ever…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Rockets, record speeds and motion everywhere](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/38-rockets-record-speeds-and-motion-everywhere/)