---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Pushes and pulls: what makes things mo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the cessation of motion in a rolling ball? Exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the quest
---

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# Exam question 1 · Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the cessation of motion in a rolling ball?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, roll, cause, cease · **To what, where:** cause, rolling ball, cessation, motion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the cause of the cessation of motion in a rolling ball?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cessation	cessation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	amod	_	_
19	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the cause of the cessation of motion |  | a rolling ball |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **cause** |  |  | the cessation of motion |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **cease** |  |  | motion |  |  |  |  | nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball ceases to move after a fixed interval

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop:e1:o1:1
# text = The ball ceases to move after a fixed interval
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	interval	interval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the ball |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **move** | to-infinitive | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  | after a fixed interval |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball exhausts an internal store of motion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop:e1:o2:1
# text = The ball exhausts an internal store of motion
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exhausts	exhaust	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exhaust** | present | the ball | a internal store of motion |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus store=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gravitational attraction acts horizontally against it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop:e1:o3:1
# text = The gravitational attraction acts horizontally against it
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	attraction	attraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	acts	act	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	horizontally	horizontally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present | the gravitational attraction |  |  |  |  | against it; horizontally *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Forces exerted by the ground and the air act in opposition to its motion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop:e1:o4:1
# text = Forces exerted by the ground and the air act in opposition to its motion
1	Forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	exerted	exert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	opposition	opposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exert** | participle |  | Forces *not said here* |  |  |  | by the ground and the air act in opposition; to opposition's motion | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **motion** |  | opposition |  |  |  |  |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Pushes and pulls: what makes things mo…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/t11/)
- next →: [Pushes and pulls: what makes things mo…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/)