---
title: It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes appl… — Friction: the grip that stops and helps · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied. Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted. Exam question 3 of lesson 6 «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree
---

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# Exam question 3 · Friction: the grip that stops and helps

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied. Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cyclist, brakes, you, energy · **What happens:** give, descend, apply, ascertain, lose, be · **To what, where:** It, long hill, form, motion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 6 «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/6-friction-the-grip/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:1
# text = It is given that a cyclist descends a long hill with the brakes applied.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cyclist	cyclist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	descends	descend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	applied	apply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **descend** | present | a cyclist | a long hill |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hill=Theme |
| 3 | **apply** | past | the brakes | a long hill *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the form into which the energy of motion so lost is principally converted.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	principally	principally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	converted	converted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the form |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Topic |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  | motion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the energy of motion |  |  |  |  | converted, principally *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound in the air surrounding the bicycle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:o1:1
# text = Sound in the air surrounding the bicycle
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | gerund | Sound in the air *not said here* | the bicycle |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bicycle=Co-Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light emitted by the pads in braking

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:o2:1
# text = Light emitted by the pads in braking
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	braking	braking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | participle |  | Light *not said here* |  | braking |  | by the pads | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heat in the brake pads and rims

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:o3:1
# text = Heat in the brake pads and rims
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	rims	rim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Additional mass acquired by the wheels

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:6-friction-the-grip:e3:o4:1
# text = Additional mass acquired by the wheels
1	Additional	additional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **acquire** | participle |  | Additional mass *not said here* |  |  |  | by the wheels | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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