---
title: My mate says a spacecraft glows only cos it rubs on the air. right? — Living with friction: oil, wheels and… · tree and pragmatics
description: My mate says a spacecraft glows only cos it rubs on the air. right? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 7 «Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My mate says a spacecraft glows only cos it rubs on the air. right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mate, spacecraft · **What happens:** say, glow, rub · **To what, where:** air · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 7 «Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/7-living-with-friction/#t3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:7-living-with-friction:t3:1
# text = My mate says a spacecraft glows only cos it rubs on the air. right?
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spacecraft	spacecraft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	glows	glow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rubs	rub	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
15	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | My mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **glow** | present | a spacecraft |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **rub** | present | spacecraft |  |  | the air |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on air=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it is only rubbing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:7-living-with-friction:t3:o1:1
# text = Yes, it is only rubbing
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	rubbing	rubbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | rubbing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the Sun heats it up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:7-living-with-friction:t3:o2:1
# text = No, the Sun heats it up
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	heats	heat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat up** | present | the Sun | it |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, its engines are what make it glow so brightly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:7-living-with-friction:t3:o3:1
# text = No, its engines are what make it glow so brightly
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obl	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	glow	glow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | its engines |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **glow** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | brightly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mostly the squeezed air in front heats up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:7-living-with-friction:t3:o4:1
# text = Mostly the squeezed air in front heats up
1	Mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	heats	heat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **heat up** | present | the squeezed air in front |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Living with friction: oil, wheels and…, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/7-living-with-friction/t2/)
- next →: [Living with friction: oil, wheels and…, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/7-living-with-friction/t4/)
- ↑ back to [Living with friction: oil, wheels and grip](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/7-living-with-friction/)