--- title: Identify the principal means by which a cyclist maintains equilibriu… — Riding a bike: why it stays up · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal means by which a cyclist maintains equilibrium upon a moving bicycle. Exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was righ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Physics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/) / [Riding a bike: why it stays up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Riding a bike: why it stays up Identify the principal means by which a cyclist maintains equilibrium upon a moving bicycle. **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal, cyclist · **What happens:** identify, mean, maintain, move · **To what, where:** equilibrium This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/9-riding-a-bike/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal means by which a cyclist maintains equilibrium upon a moving bicycle. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 principal principal NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obl _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 cyclist cyclist NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 maintains maintain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 10 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 upon upon ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 amod _ _ 14 bicycle bicycle NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | the principal | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **maintain** | present | a cyclist | equilibrium | | | | upon a moving bicycle | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent equilibrium=Theme | | 4 | **move** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} By the gyroscopic action of the pedals alone ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e1:o1:1 # text = By the gyroscopic action of the pedals alone 1 By by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 gyroscopic gyroscopic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 pedals pedal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 8 alone alone ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **act** | | the pedals | | | | | | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} By the upward pressure of the air upon the frame ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e1:o2:1 # text = By the upward pressure of the air upon the frame 1 By by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 upward upward ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 upon upon ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 frame frame NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **press** | | | the air upon the frame | | | | | nom pressure «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} By keeping the body perfectly motionless upon the saddle ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e1:o3:1 # text = By keeping the body perfectly motionless upon the saddle 1 By by SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 keeping keep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 perfectly perfectly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 motionless motionless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 xcomp _ _ 7 upon upon ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 saddle saddle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | gerund | | the body | | | | motionless *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme | ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} By steering the front wheel into any incipient lean ```conllu # sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e1:o4:1 # text = By steering the front wheel into any incipient lean 1 By by SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 steering steer VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 8 incipient incipient NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 lean lean NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **steer** | gerund | | the front wheel | | any incipient lean | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme into lean=Destination | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Riding a bike: why it stays up, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/t11/) - next →: [Riding a bike: why it stays up, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/e2/) - ↑ back to [Riding a bike: why it stays up](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/physics/9-riding-a-bike/)