---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Riding a bike: why it stays up · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill? Exam question 2 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 2 · Riding a bike: why it stays up

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, effect · **To what, where:** effect, low gear

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 9 «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/physics/9-riding-a-bike/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	gear	gear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ascent	ascent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the effect of a low gear upon the ascent of a hill |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **effect** |  |  | a low gear upon the ascent of a hill |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mass of the bicycle is effectively diminished

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e2:o1:1
# text = The mass of the bicycle is effectively diminished
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	effectively	effectively	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present · passive |  | the mass of the bicycle |  |  |  | effectively *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The incline of the hill is effectively diminished

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e2:o2:1
# text = The incline of the hill is effectively diminished
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	incline	incline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	effectively	effectively	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present · passive |  | the incline of the hill |  |  |  | effectively *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each push is harder, but fewer revolutions are required

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e2:o3:1
# text = Each push is harder, but fewer revolutions are required
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	revolutions	revolution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each push |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present · passive |  | fewer revolutions |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each push is gentler, but a greater number of revolutions is required

```conllu
# sent_id = question:physics:9-riding-a-bike:e2:o4:1
# text = Each push is gentler, but a greater number of revolutions is required
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gentler	gentle	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	revolutions	revolution	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | each push |  |  |  |  | gentle *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present · passive |  | a greater number of revolutions |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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