---
title: Identify the course of action most consistent with sound reasoning f… — The news: who makes it and how · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the course of action most consistent with sound reasoning for an individual wishing to ascertain the facts of a contested event. Exam question 3 of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 3 · The news: who makes it and how

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the course of action most consistent with sound reasoning for an individual wishing to ascertain the facts of a contested event.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, ascertain, contest · **To what, where:** course, facts

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:e3:1
# text = Identify the course of action most consistent with sound reasoning for an individual wishing to ascertain the facts of a contested event.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	individual	individual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wishing	wishing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	contested	contest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the course of action |  |  |  | for a individual wishing | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent course=Theme |
| 2 | **ascertain** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the facts of a contested event |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Topic |
| 3 | **contest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exclusive reliance upon the headline of a single article

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:e3:o1:1
# text = Exclusive reliance upon the headline of a single article
1	Exclusive	exclusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reliance	reliance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	headline	headline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **headline** |  |  | a single article |  |  |  |  | nom headline «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Acceptance of the first account encountered

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:e3:o2:1
# text = Acceptance of the first account encountered
1	Acceptance	acceptance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	encountered	encounter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encounter** | past | Acceptance of the first account |  |  |  |  |  | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **accept** |  |  | the first account |  |  |  |  | nom acceptance «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comparison of the accounts given by several different sources

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:e3:o3:1
# text = Comparison of the accounts given by several different sources
1	Comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  | the accounts *not said here* |  |  |  | by several different sources | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **compare** |  |  | the accounts |  |  |  |  | nom comparison «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exclusive reliance upon a single preferred broadcaster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:e3:o4:1
# text = Exclusive reliance upon a single preferred broadcaster
1	Exclusive	exclusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reliance	reliance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	preferred	preferred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	broadcaster	broadcaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The news: who makes it and how, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/e2/)
- next →: [The news: who makes it and how, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/e4/)
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