---
title: Your mate goes, "Breaking news said 50 people, then 30. So the news… — The news: who makes it and how · tree and pragmatics
description: Your mate goes, "Breaking news said 50 people, then 30. So the news is all cap." ("Cap" means lies.) What is the best reply? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each o
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · The news: who makes it and how

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your mate goes, "Breaking news said 50 people, then 30. So the news is all cap." ("Cap" means lies.) What is the best reply?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mate, Breaking news, news, Cap, best reply · **What happens:** go, say, be, mean · **To what, where:** 50 people, cap, lies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your mate goes, "Breaking news said 50 people, then 30.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:1
# text = Your mate goes, "Breaking news said 50 people, then 30.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Breaking	breaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Your mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Breaking news | 50 people |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent people=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* So the news is all cap."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:2
# text = So the news is all cap."
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the news | all cap |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Cap" means lies.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:3
# text = ("Cap" means lies.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Cap | lies |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What is the best reply?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:4
# text = What is the best reply?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the best reply |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first number is always the true one

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:o1:1
# text = The first number is always the true one
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the first number | the true one |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news changed the number to scare us

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:o2:1
# text = The news changed the number to scare us
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	scare	scare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the news | the number |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient |
| 2 | **scare** | to-infinitive | the news *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's right, the news is always lies, so you should never watch any of it ever again

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:o3:1
# text = He's right, the news is always lies, so you should never watch any of it ever again
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
16	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	_
19	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	advmod	_	_
20	again	again	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the news |  |  |  |  | always, lie *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **watch** | should | you | any |  |  | ever; again |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Early reports change as facts come in; good channels update them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t1:o4:1
# text = Early reports change as facts come in; good channels update them
1	Early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reports	report	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	channels	channel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	update	update	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Early reports |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come in** | present | facts |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **update** *speech: other* | present | good channels | facts *= fact* |  |  |  |  | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Around the English-speaking world: Can…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand/e4/)
- next →: [The news: who makes it and how, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/t2/)
- ↑ back to [The news: who makes it and how](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/)