---
title: Your little sister reads "Chocolate makes kids SMARTER!" and goes, "… — The news: who makes it and how · tree and pragmatics
description: Your little sister reads "Chocolate makes kids SMARTER!" and goes, "Bussin', let's eat loads before the test." What should you tell her? Test 2 · ★ of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Test 2 · ★ · The news: who makes it and how

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your little sister reads "Chocolate makes kids SMARTER!" and goes, "Bussin', let's eat loads before the test." What should you tell her?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** little sister, Chocolate, 's, you · **What happens:** read, make, go, let, eat, tell · **To what, where:** kids, Bussin, 's, loads · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 10 «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your little sister reads "Chocolate makes kids SMARTER!" and goes, "Bussin', let's eat loads before the test."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:1
# text = Your little sister reads "Chocolate makes kids SMARTER!" and goes, "Bussin', let's eat loads before the test."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	SMARTER	smart	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Bussin	Bussin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	',	',	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	loads	load	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | Your little sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** *in a quote* | present | Chocolate | kids |  |  |  | smart *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material kid=Product |
| 3 | **go** | present | Your little sister *not said here* | Bussin |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bussin=Theme |
| 4 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive | Your little sister *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **eat** *in a quote* | infinitive | 's *not said here* | loads |  |  | before the test |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should you tell her?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:2
# text = What should you tell her?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | should | you |  | Bussin |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Headlines are always tested by scientists

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:o1:1
# text = Headlines are always tested by scientists
1	Headlines	headline	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | present · passive | scientists | Headlines |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The headline stretches one small study; scientists said more tests are needed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:o2:1
# text = The headline stretches one small study; scientists said more tests are needed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	headline	headline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stretches	stretch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | present | the headline | one small study |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent study=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **need** | present · passive |  | more tests |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chocolate makes you less clever, the headline is backwards

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:o3:1
# text = Chocolate makes you less clever, the headline is backwards
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	headline	headline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Chocolate | you |  |  |  | clever *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | the headline |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's right, chocolate is proven to make you clever, so the more she eats the better she'll do

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how:t2:o4:1
# text = She's right, chocolate is proven to make you clever, so the more she eats the better she'll do
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	proven	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	obj	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prove** | present · passive |  | chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  | clever *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |
| 4 | **eat** | present | she | the better |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Patient |
| 5 | **do** | future | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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