---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a de… — Memes, clips and jokes about politicians · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a deepfake? Exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Memes, clips and jokes about politicians» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Memes, clips and jokes about politicians

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a deepfake?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** deepfake

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Memes, clips and jokes about politicians» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a deepfake?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	deepfake	deepfake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a deepfake |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A video or voice recording fabricated by a computer so as to appear genuine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians:e2:o1:1
# text = A video or voice recording fabricated by a computer so as to appear genuine
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	recording	record	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	fabricated	fabricate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
14	genuine	genuine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fabricate** | gerund · passive | a computer | a video or voice |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |
| 2 | **appear** | to-infinitive | a computer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | genuine *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A drawing which exaggerates the features of a person

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians:e2:o2:1
# text = A drawing which exaggerates the features of a person
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	exaggerates	exaggerate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exaggerate** | present | a drawing | the features of a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feature** |  |  | a person |  |  |  |  | nom feature «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A comedy programme imitating a news bulletin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians:e2:o3:1
# text = A comedy programme imitating a news bulletin
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	comedy	comedy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	programme	programme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	imitating	imitate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imitate** | gerund | a comedy programme *not said here* | a news bulletin |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bulletin=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A genuine recording reproduced at reduced speed so as to give a misleading impression of the speaker

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:13-memes-clips-and-jokes-about-politicians:e2:o4:1
# text = A genuine recording reproduced at reduced speed so as to give a misleading impression of the speaker
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	genuine	genuine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	recording	recording	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	reproduced	reproduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	misleading	misleading	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	impression	impression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reproduce** | participle |  | a genuine recording *not said here* |  | reduced speed |  |  | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **give** | to-infinitive | a genuine recording | a misleading impression of the speaker |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent impression=Theme |
| 4 | **impress** |  |  | the speaker |  |  |  |  | nom impression «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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