---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "net migration"? Exam question 2 of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Immigration and borders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "net migration"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** term

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "net migration"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	net	net	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number of persons arriving, less the number of persons departing, within a given period

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:e2:o1:1
# text = The number of persons arriving, less the number of persons departing, within a given period
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	within	within	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | gerund | persons *not said here* | the less number of persons |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **depart** | gerund | persons *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number of persons granted citizenship in a given year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:e2:o2:1
# text = The number of persons granted citizenship in a given year
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	granted	grant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grant** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number of vessels crossing a stretch of sea

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:e2:o3:1
# text = The number of vessels crossing a stretch of sea
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stretch	stretch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | gerund | vessels *not said here* | a stretch of sea |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stretch=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The total number of persons arriving within a given period, without regard to those departing

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:e2:o4:1
# text = The total number of persons arriving within a given period, without regard to those departing
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	regard	regard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	departing	departing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | gerund | persons *not said here* |  |  |  |  | within a given period; without regard to that departing | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Immigration and borders, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/e1/)
- next →: [Immigration and borders, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)