---
title: A TV host says "irregular migration" and another says "illegal immig… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics
description: A TV host says "irregular migration" and another says "illegal immigration". What can you learn from the words? Test 12 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Test 12 · ★★ · Immigration and borders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A TV host says "irregular migration" and another says "illegal immigration". What can you learn from the words?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** TV host, another, you · **What happens:** say, learn · **To what, where:** irregular migration, illegal immigration, words · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/#t12).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A TV host says "irregular migration" and another says "illegal immigration".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:1
# text = A TV host says "irregular migration" and another says "illegal immigration".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	migration	migration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	illegal	illegal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	immigration	immigration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a TV host | irregular migration |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent migration=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | another | illegal immigration |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent immigration=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What can you learn from the words?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:2
# text = What can you learn from the words?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | can | you |  |  | the words |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent what=Topic from word=Source |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The words mean refugees only and nobody else, so they say exactly the same

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:o1:1
# text = The words mean refugees only and nobody else, so they say exactly the same
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	refugees	refugee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	conj	_	_
8	else	else	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the words | refugees |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refugee=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | words *= word* | the same |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent same=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only one of them is speaking proper English

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:o2:1
# text = Only one of them is speaking proper English
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
7	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · progressive | one of them | proper English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each word choice tells you something about the speaker's view

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:o3:1
# text = Each word choice tells you something about the speaker's view
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | each word choice | something | you |  |  | about the speaker's view | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient something=Topic |
| 2 | **view** |  | the speaker |  |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are both talking about tourists on holiday

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t12:o4:1
# text = They are both talking about tourists on holiday
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	both	both	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tourists	tourist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present · progressive | They |  |  | holiday |  | about tourists; both *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about tourist=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Immigration and borders, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/t11/)
- next →: [Immigration and borders, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/e1/)
- ↑ back to [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)