---
title: "If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries… — Immigration and borders · tree and pragmatics
description: "If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle. Why is this so hard to argue about? Test 4 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Test 4 · ★★ · Immigration and borders

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle. Why is this so hard to argue about?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** he, boy, girl, this · **What happens:** break, have, go, say, cry, be · **To what, where:** rules · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★ of lesson 19 «Immigration and borders» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:1
# text = "If he broke the rules, he has to go" says a boy, while a girl cries about her uncle.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
13	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past | he | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a girl |  |  |  |  | about girl's uncle | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about uncle=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why is this so hard to argue about?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:2
# text = Why is this so hard to argue about?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	argue	argue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | to-infinitive | this *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rules never matter when somebody is sad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:o1:1
# text = Rules never matter when somebody is sad
1	Rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	matter	matter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **matter** | present | Rules |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | present | somebody |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The girl is always wrong because crying is not an argument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:o2:1
# text = The girl is always wrong because crying is not an argument
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the girl |  |  |  |  | always, wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present |  | a argument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy is always wrong because rules do not matter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:o3:1
# text = The boy is always wrong because rules do not matter
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	matter	matter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the boy |  |  |  |  | always, wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **matter** | present · do-support | rules |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rule and a family can both be real

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:19-immigration-and-borders:t4:o4:1
# text = A rule and a family can both be real
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	both	both	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a rule and a family |  |  |  |  | both, real *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Immigration and borders, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/t3/)
- next →: [Immigration and borders, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/t5/)
- ↑ back to [Immigration and borders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/19-immigration-and-borders/)