---
title: In the US, cousin Jake texts, "y'all, our state flipped red, it's lo… — Elections and voting: ballots, countin… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the US, cousin Jake texts, "y'all, our state flipped red, it's lowkey wild." ("Flipped red" means the Republican won the state.) What does this mean for the race? Test 4 of lesson 2 «Elections and voting: ballots, counting and winning» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dep
---

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# Test 4 · Elections and voting: ballots, counting and winning

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the US, cousin Jake texts, "y'all, our state flipped red, it's lowkey wild." ("Flipped red" means the Republican won the state.) What does this mean for the race?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** state, Republican, this · **What happens:** flip, be, mean, win · **To what, where:** Jake texts, US cousin, state · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 2 «Elections and voting: ballots, counting and winning» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In the US, cousin Jake texts, "y'all, our state flipped red, it's lowkey wild."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:1
# text = In the US, cousin Jake texts, "y'all, our state flipped red, it's lowkey wild."
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
6	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	y'all	y'all	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flipped	flip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	lowkey	lowkey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flip** *in a quote* | past | our state | Jake texts and y'all *not said here* |  |  |  | red *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | state |  |  | the US cousin and Jake texts and y'all |  | wild *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Flipped red" means the Republican won the state.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:2
# text = ("Flipped red" means the Republican won the state.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Flipped	flip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	nsubj	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Republican	Republican	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flip** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **win** | past | the Republican | the state |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What does this mean for the race?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:3
# text = What does this mean for the race?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  | for the race | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot what=Theme for race=Attribute |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state's votes are thrown away completely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:o1:1
# text = The state's votes are thrown away completely
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw away** | present · passive |  | the state's votes |  |  |  | away, completely *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **vote** |  | the state |  |  |  |  |  | nom vote «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state has left the United States

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:o2:1
# text = The state has left the United States
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive |  | the state |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme state=Attribute |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Republican candidate won that state's Electoral College votes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:o3:1
# text = The Republican candidate won that state's Electoral College votes
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Republican	Republican	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	Electoral	Electoral	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	College	College	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the Republican candidate |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone in the state changed their T-shirts to red

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:2-elections-and-voting-ballots-counting-and-winning:t4:o4:1
# text = Everyone in the state changed their T-shirts to red
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	shirts	shirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Everyone | their T shirts |  |  |  | to red | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shirt=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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