---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ce… — Why wars happen and why they are hard… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ceasefire? Exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova
---

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# Exam question 1 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ceasefire?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** ceasefire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a ceasefire?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a ceasefire |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A final settlement determining all questions of territory, security and justice between the parties

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:e1:o1:1
# text = A final settlement determining all questions of territory, security and justice between the parties
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	determining	determine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	security	security	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | gerund | a final settlement between the parties and security and justice *not said here* | all questions of territory |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Topic |
| 2 | **question** |  |  | territory |  |  |  |  | nom question «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A declaration that one party has achieved total victory

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:e1:o2:1
# text = A declaration that one party has achieved total victory
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	declaration	declaration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	acl	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **achieve** | present · perfect · passive |  | a declaration |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An agreement whereby the parties suspend hostilities for a period, which does not of itself constitute peace

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:e1:o3:1
# text = An agreement whereby the parties suspend hostilities for a period, which does not of itself constitute peace
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
3	whereby	whereby	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	suspend	suspend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	hostilities	hostility	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obl	_	_
17	constitute	constitute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
18	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suspend** | present | the parties | hostilities |  |  |  | for a period; whereby *property* | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hostility=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of agreement | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **constitute** | infinitive | a agreement | peace |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme peace=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A treaty establishing a new international organisation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:e1:o4:1
# text = A treaty establishing a new international organisation
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	establishing	establish	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | gerund | a treaty *not said here* | a new international organisation |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent organisation=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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