---
title: A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, ever… — Why wars happen and why they are hard… · tree and pragmatics
description: A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.» Is he right? Test 2 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Test 2 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.» Is he right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** boy, anyone, everyone · **What happens:** say, hit, hit back, be · **To what, where:** Finland · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:1
# text = A boy in Liverpool says: «NATO's sound, if anyone hits Finland, everyone hits back, end of.»
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Liverpool	Liverpool	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	NATO	NATO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj	_	_
14	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
15	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	18	nsubj	_	_
18	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a boy in Liverpool |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hit** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | anyone | Finland |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finland=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **hit back** *in a quote* | present | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Is he right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:2
# text = Is he right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | boy |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, NATO only protects Russia and nobody else

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:o1:1
# text = No, NATO only protects Russia and nobody else
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	NATO	NATO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	obl	_	_
9	else	else	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | NATO |  | Russia |  |  | nobody *obl* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent russia=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, NATO is a football league and Finland is not in it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:o2:1
# text = No, NATO is a football league and Finland is not in it
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	NATO	NATO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	league	league	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Finland	Finland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | NATO | a football league and Finland |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | a football league and Finland *not said here* |  |  | it |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Roughly: members promise to treat an attack on one as an attack on all

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:o3:1
# text = Roughly: members promise to treat an attack on one as an attack on all
1	Roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	promise	promise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	treat	treat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | members |  |  |  |  | roughly *property* | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **treat** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | members *not said here* | a attack |  |  |  | on one; as a attack on all | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent attack=Theme as attack=Attribute |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, and NATO can attack any country it likes, whenever it likes, without a reason

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t2:o4:1
# text = Yes, and NATO can attack any country it likes, whenever it likes, without a reason
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	NATO	NATO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | can | NATO | any country |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient |
| 2 | **like** | present | country | any country *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot country=Theme |
| 3 | **like** | present | country | a reason |  |  |  | whenever *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot reason=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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