---
title: A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio sa… — Why wars happen and why they are hard… · tree and pragmatics
description: A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.» How do you correct it? Test 5 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Test 5 · Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.» How do you correct it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** wee cousin, radio, you · **What happens:** say, finish, correct · **To what, where:** ceasefire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 23 «Why wars happen and why they are hard to stop; the UN and NATO» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:1
# text = A wee cousin in Glasgow says: «aye, the war's finished, the radio said ceasefire.»
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wee	wee	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Glasgow	Glasgow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	aye	aye	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
19	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a wee cousin in Glasgow |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **finish** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | the radio | ceasefire |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ceasefire=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How do you correct it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:2
# text = How do you correct it?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	correct	correct	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **correct** *speech: disagree* | present · do-support | you | ceasefire |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ceasefire means more fighting than there was before

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:o1:1
# text = A ceasefire means more fighting than there was before
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	fighting	fighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	8	expl	_	_
8	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	before	before	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a ceasefire | more fighting |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fighting=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | past | a ceasefire *not said here* |  |  | there |  | before *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Right, a ceasefire always ends a war forever, with nothing more to agree

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:o2:1
# text = Right, a ceasefire always ends a war forever, with nothing more to agree
1	Right	right	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	parataxis	_	_
13	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	agree	agree	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | a ceasefire | a war |  |  |  | always, forever *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality war=Eventuality |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | to-infinitive | a ceasefire *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ceasefire is a pause; a war ends with a lasting deal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:o3:1
# text = A ceasefire is a pause; a war ends with a lasting deal
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pause	pause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	lasting	lasting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ceasefire | a pause |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | present | a war | a pause *not said here* |  |  |  | with a lasting deal | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector pause=Eventuality with deal=Subeventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ceasefire is the name of a brand-new weapon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:23-why-wars-happen-the-un-and-nato:t5:o4:1
# text = Ceasefire is the name of a brand-new weapon
1	Ceasefire	ceasefire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	brand	brand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	weapon	weapon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ceasefire | the name |  |  |  | of a new weapon | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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