---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the status of Crimea as regarded by most states? Exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 3 · Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the status of Crimea as regarded by most states?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, regard · **To what, where:** status

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the status of Crimea as regarded by most states?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	status	status	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Crimea	Crimea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	17	amod	_	_
17	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the status of Crimea |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **regard** | participle |  | the status of Crimea *not said here* |  |  |  | by most states | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crimea, over which Russian forces assumed control in 2014, remains part of Ukraine

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine:e3:o1:1
# text = Crimea, over which Russian forces assumed control in 2014, remains part of Ukraine
1	Crimea	crimea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	assumed	assume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	2014	2014	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assume** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **control** |  | Crimea |  |  | 2014 |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **remain** | present | Crimea | part of Ukraine |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Attribute |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crimea was transferred voluntarily by Ukraine to Turkey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine:e3:o2:1
# text = Crimea was transferred voluntarily by Ukraine to Turkey
1	Crimea	Crimea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	voluntarily	voluntarily	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transfer** | past · passive | Ukraine | Crimea | Turkey |  |  | voluntarily *property* | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Theme to turkey=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crimea has constituted part of the French Republic since 1945

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine:e3:o3:1
# text = Crimea has constituted part of the French Republic since 1945
1	Crimea	crimea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	constituted	constitute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Republic	Republic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	since	since	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present · perfect · passive |  | Crimea |  |  | since 1945 |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Crimea is an independent state recognised by all members of the United Nations

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:24-russias-full-scale-invasion-of-ukraine:e3:o4:1
# text = Crimea is an independent state recognised by all members of the United Nations
1	Crimea	crimea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	13	compound	_	_
13	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Crimea | a independent state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **recognise** | participle |  | a independent state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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