---
title: Which sentence about Rwanda and M23 is fair? — The wars the news shows less: Sudan an… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which sentence about Rwanda and M23 is fair? Test 11 of lesson 28 «The wars the news shows less: Sudan and others» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · The wars the news shows less: Sudan and others

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which sentence about Rwanda and M23 is fair?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** sentence · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 of lesson 28 «The wars the news shows less: Sudan and others» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others:t11:1
# text = Which sentence about Rwanda and M23 is fair?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	M23	M23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which sentence about Rwanda and M23 |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone agrees Rwanda had nothing to do with it, including the UN experts who went and looked

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others:t11:o1:1
# text = Everyone agrees Rwanda had nothing to do with it, including the UN experts who went and looked
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	agrees	agree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	including	including	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	experts	expert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | Everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | Rwanda | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | Rwanda *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  | with it; including the UN experts | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | past | the UN experts |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **look** | past | Rwanda *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rwanda said it leads M23 itself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others:t11:o2:1
# text = Rwanda said it leads M23 itself
1	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	M23	m23	PRON	PRP	PronType=Rel	4	obj	_	_
6	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Rwanda |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lead** | present | it | M23 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
UN experts said Rwanda backed M23; Rwanda denied it and said it was protecting its border

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others:t11:o3:1
# text = UN experts said Rwanda backed M23; Rwanda denied it and said it was protecting its border
1	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	experts	expert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	backed	back	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	M23	M23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Rwanda	Rwanda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	protecting	protect	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | UN experts |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **back** | past | Rwanda | M23 |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent m23=Agent |
| 3 | **deny** | past | Rwanda | it |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Rwanda *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **protect** | past · progressive | it | its border |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent border=Beneficiary |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
M23 is a football club

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:28-the-wars-the-news-shows-less-sudan-and-others:t11:o4:1
# text = M23 is a football club
1	M23	M23	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | M23 | a football club |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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