---
title: Identify the distinction between a refugee and a migrant. — Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the distinction between a refugee and a migrant. Exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the distinction between a refugee and a migrant.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:e1:1
# text = Identify the distinction between a refugee and a migrant.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	refugee	refugee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	migrant	migrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the distinction |  |  |  | between a refugee and a migrant | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two terms are legally identical in all respects

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:e1:o1:1
# text = The two terms are legally identical in all respects
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	legally	legally	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	respects	respects	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the two terms |  |  | all respects |  | identical, legally *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refugee has fled war or danger to life, whereas a migrant relocates, frequently for employment

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:e1:o2:1
# text = A refugee has fled war or danger to life, whereas a migrant relocates, frequently for employment
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refugee	refugee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	migrant	migrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	relocates	relocate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | present · perfect | a refugee | war or danger |  |  |  | to life; for employment; frequently *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme war=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **relocate** | present | a migrant |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refugee relocates for employment, whereas a migrant has fled war or persecution and may not be returned

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:e1:o3:1
# text = A refugee relocates for employment, whereas a migrant has fled war or persecution and may not be returned
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refugee	refugee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	relocates	relocate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	migrant	migrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	persecution	persecution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relocate** | present | a refugee |  |  |  |  | for employment | tree rules |
| 2 | **flee** | present · perfect · passive |  | a migrant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **return** | may · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refugee is a citizen of the United Nations

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:e1:o4:1
# text = A refugee is a citizen of the United Nations
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refugee	refugee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	citizen	citizen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	9	compound	_	_
9	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a refugee | a citizen |  |  |  | of the United Nations | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/t12/)
- next →: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/)