---
title: Ruby's friend compares sanctions to the class refusing to swap cards… — Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ruby's friend compares sanctions to the class refusing to swap cards with a cheat. Where does the comparison break down? Test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/t6/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Politics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/) / [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/) / t6

# Test 6 · ★★★ · Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ruby's friend compares sanctions to the class refusing to swap cards with a cheat. Where does the comparison break down?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, comparison · **What happens:** compare, refuse, not swap, break down · **To what, where:** sanctions, cards

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 30 «Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ruby's friend compares sanctions to the class refusing to swap cards with a cheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:1
# text = Ruby's friend compares sanctions to the class refusing to swap cards with a cheat.
1	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	compares	compare	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sanctions	sanction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	refusing	refuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	swap	swap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cheat	cheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | present | Ruby's friend | sanctions |  |  |  | to the class | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sanction=Patient |
| 2 | **refuse** | gerund | Ruby's friend *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **swap** | to-infinitive | Ruby's friend *not said here* | cards |  |  |  | with a cheat | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent card=Theme with cheat=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Where does the comparison break down?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:2
# text = Where does the comparison break down?
1	Where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present · do-support | the comparison |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Countries cannot trade anything at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:o1:1
# text = Countries cannot trade anything at all
1	Countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	trade	trade	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trade** | can | Countries | anything |  | all |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sanctions only affect trading cards

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:o2:1
# text = Sanctions only affect trading cards
1	Sanctions	sanction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	affect	affect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affect** | present | Sanctions | trading cards |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus card=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is exactly the same in every way, because a country is just a very big class with a leader

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:o3:1
# text = It is exactly the same in every way, because a country is just a very big class with a leader
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | every way |  | exactly, same *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a country | a big class |  |  |  | with a leader | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a country, ordinary people who did nothing wrong may also pay the cost

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes:t6:o4:1
# text = In a country, ordinary people who did nothing wrong may also pay the cost
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	obj	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | ordinary people | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pay** | may | ordinary people | the cost |  | a country |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cost=Asset |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/t5/)
- next →: [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the w…, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/t7/)
- ↑ back to [Refugees, aid and sanctions: how the world helps and pushes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/30-refugees-aid-and-sanctions-how-the-world-helps-and-pushes/)