---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises prop… — Propaganda and fake news · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises propaganda? Exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Propaganda and fake news

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises propaganda?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** propaganda

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises propaganda?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | propaganda |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An acknowledgement by a news outlet that an error has been made

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e1:o1:1
# text = An acknowledgement by a news outlet that an error has been made
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	outlet	outlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **error** |  | a news outlet |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | a acknowledgement by a news outlet |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any account of events published by a newspaper or broadcaster

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e1:o2:1
# text = Any account of events published by a newspaper or broadcaster
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	broadcaster	broadcaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  | events *not said here* |  |  |  | by a newspaper or broadcaster | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **account** |  |  | events |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A communication designed to induce a particular view by the selective presentation of facts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e1:o3:1
# text = A communication designed to induce a particular view by the selective presentation of facts
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	communication	communication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	designed	design	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	induce	induce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	selective	selective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	presentation	presentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **design** | participle · passive |  | a communication |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **induce** | to-infinitive |  | a particular view |  |  |  | by the selective presentation of facts | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent view=Patient |
| 3 | **present** |  |  | facts |  |  |  |  | nom presentation «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A humorous publication imitating the conventions of the news

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e1:o4:1
# text = A humorous publication imitating the conventions of the news
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	humorous	humorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	publication	publication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	imitating	imitate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	conventions	convention	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imitate** | gerund | a humorous publication *not said here* | the conventions of the news |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent convention=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Propaganda and fake news, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/t12/)
- next →: [Propaganda and fake news, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Propaganda and fake news](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/)