---
title: Whereas a circulated item bears a copied logo and a great number of… — Propaganda and fake news · tree and pragmatics
description: Whereas a circulated item bears a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date, determine the conclusion most appropriate. Exam question 4 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Propaganda and fake news

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whereas a circulated item bears a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date, determine the conclusion most appropriate.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** copied logo · **What happens:** circulate, copy, determine · **To what, where:** conclusion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 31 «Propaganda and fake news» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e4:1
# text = Whereas a circulated item bears a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date, determine the conclusion most appropriate.
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	circulated	circulate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	copied	copy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	logo	logo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	approvals	approval	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	20	det	_	_
20	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	26	advmod	_	_
26	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **circulate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **copy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **determine** | infinitive | a copied logo and a great number of approvals but no author and no date | the conclusion |  |  |  | whereas a circulated item bears | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its authenticity is established by the number of approvals received, provided it exceeds one thousand

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e4:o1:1
# text = Its authenticity is established by the number of approvals received, provided it exceeds one thousand
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	approvals	approval	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	exceeds	exceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	compound	_	_
16	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present · passive | the number | Its authenticity |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **receive** | past | approvals | the number *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme |
| 3 | **provide** | past | the number *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme |
| 4 | **exceed** | present | authenticity | one thousand |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot thousand=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its authenticity is established by the absence of any correction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e4:o2:1
# text = Its authenticity is established by the absence of any correction
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	correction	correction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present · passive | the absence of any correction | Its authenticity |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **absent** |  |  | any correction |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its authenticity cannot be presumed and ought to be verified with the stated source

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e4:o3:1
# text = Its authenticity cannot be presumed and ought to be verified with the stated source
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	presumed	presume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	verified	verify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **presume** | can · passive |  | Its authenticity |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **verify** | ought · passive |  |  |  |  |  | with the stated source | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its authenticity is established by the presence of the logo

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:31-propaganda-and-fake-news:e4:o4:1
# text = Its authenticity is established by the presence of the logo
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	authenticity	authenticity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	logo	logo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present · passive | the presence of the logo | Its authenticity |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Propaganda and fake news, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/e3/)
- next →: [Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in ele…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Propaganda and fake news](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/31-propaganda-and-fake-news/)