---
title: A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law… — Congress and Parliament: how a law is… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once. What should be fixed? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 6 «Congress and Parliament: how a law is made» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · Congress and Parliament: how a law is made

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once. What should be fixed?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, president · **What happens:** show, write, become, fix · **To what, where:** president, law

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 6 «Congress and Parliament: how a law is made» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:1
# text = A cartoon shows a president writing a law alone and it becoming law at once.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a cartoon | a president |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent president=Recipient |
| 2 | **write** | gerund | a president *not said here* | a law |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |
| 3 | **become** | gerund | cartoon | law |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should be fixed?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:2
# text = What should be fixed?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | should · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, presidents write all laws alone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:o1:1
# text = Nothing, presidents write all laws alone
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	presidents	president	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | presidents | all laws |  |  |  | Nothing *vocative*; alone *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Supreme Court writes all the laws itself and then gives them to the president to sign

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:o2:1
# text = The Supreme Court writes all the laws itself and then gives them to the president to sign
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Supreme	Supreme	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Court	Court	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	7	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	sign	sign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | the Supreme Court | all laws  Court |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | present | the Supreme Court *not said here* |  | laws *= law* |  | then | to the president | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Theme to president=Recipient |
| 3 | **sign** | to-infinitive | the Supreme Court *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the US, Congress passes bills in both parts, and the president signs or vetoes them

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:o3:1
# text = In the US, Congress passes bills in both parts, and the president signs or vetoes them
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Congress	Congress	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bills	bill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	vetoes	veto	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Congress | bills |  | both parts |  | in the US | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bill=Theme in us=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The King signs all US laws

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made:t7:o4:1
# text = The King signs all US laws
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signs	sign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | present | the King | all US laws |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent law=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- next →: [Congress and Parliament: how a law is…, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made/t8/)
- ↑ back to [Congress and Parliament: how a law is made](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made/)