---
title: Your formal grandmother says, "One is not obliged to be found guilty… — The King, the courts and the rules abo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Your formal grandmother says, "One is not obliged to be found guilty merely by being accused." What does she mean? Test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 7 «The King, the courts and the rules above the rules» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Test 8 · ★★★ · The King, the courts and the rules above the rules

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your formal grandmother says, "One is not obliged to be found guilty merely by being accused." What does she mean?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** formal grandmother, One · **What happens:** say, not oblige, find, accuse, mean · **To what, where:** One · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 7 «The King, the courts and the rules above the rules» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your formal grandmother says, "One is not obliged to be found guilty merely by being accused."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:1
# text = Your formal grandmother says, "One is not obliged to be found guilty merely by being accused."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	obliged	oblige	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
14	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
15	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your formal grandmother |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **oblige** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | One |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result |
| 3 | **find** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | guilty, merely *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF» |
| 4 | **accuse** *in a quote* | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does she mean?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:2
# text = What does she mean?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present · do-support | One |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only grandmothers can be accused

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:o1:1
# text = Only grandmothers can be accused
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	grandmothers	grandmother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | can · passive |  | grandmothers |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An accused person is not guilty unless a court decides

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:o2:1
# text = An accused person is not guilty unless a court decides
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	decides	decide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | a accused person |  |  |  |  | guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **decide** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a court |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courts must find everyone guilty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:o3:1
# text = Courts must find everyone guilty
1	Courts	court	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | must | Courts | everyone |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Topic |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Accused people are always guilty, or they would not be accused

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules:t8:o4:1
# text = Accused people are always guilty, or they would not be accused
1	Accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Accused people |  |  |  |  | always, guilty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **accuse** | would · passive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [The King, the courts and the rules above the rules](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/politics/7-the-king-the-courts-and-the-rules-above-the-rules/)