---
title: It is given that schools in many parts of the United States are fund… — Taxes and local councils: bins, roads… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that schools in many parts of the United States are funded in part from local property taxation. Determine the probable consequence. Exam question 4 of lesson 8 «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree a
---

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# Exam question 4 · Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that schools in many parts of the United States are funded in part from local property taxation. Determine the probable consequence.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** give, fund, determine · **To what, where:** It, schools, part, probable consequence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 8 «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that schools in many parts of the United States are funded in part from local property taxation.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:1
# text = It is given that schools in many parts of the United States are funded in part from local property taxation.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	funded	fund	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **fund** | present · passive |  | that schools in many parts of the United States |  | part from local property taxation |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Determine the probable consequence.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:2
# text = Determine the probable consequence.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the probable consequence |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Schools in poorer areas invariably receive the greater sums, since property there costs less

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:o1:1
# text = Schools in poorer areas invariably receive the greater sums, since property there costs less
1	Schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	poorer	poor	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	receive	receive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
14	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | present | Schools in poorer areas | the greater sums |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Theme |
| 2 | **cost** | present | property | less |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme less=Value |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All schools in the United States receive precisely identical sums of money, whatever the area

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:o2:1
# text = All schools in the United States receive precisely identical sums of money, whatever the area
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	receive	receive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	precisely	precisely	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sums	sum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | present | all schools in the United States | identical sums of money |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Theme |
| 2 | **sum** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Property taxation has no bearing whatsoever upon the funding of schools in any part of the country

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:o3:1
# text = Property taxation has no bearing whatsoever upon the funding of schools in any part of the country
1	Property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bearing	bearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	funding	funding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Property taxation | no bearing |  |  |  | upon the funding of schools in any part of the country; whatsoever *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bearing=Patient |
| 2 | **fund** |  |  | schools in any part of the country |  |  |  |  | nom funding «possession transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Schools in wealthier areas may command greater resources than those in poorer areas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools:e4:o4:1
# text = Schools in wealthier areas may command greater resources than those in poorer areas
1	Schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	wealthier	wealthy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	command	command	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	poorer	poor	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | may | Schools in wealthier areas | greater resources |  |  |  | than those | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent resource=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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