---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Around the English-speaking world: Can… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the system of voting employed in elections to the House of Representatives of Australia? Exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Around the English-speaking world: Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand» of the politics course of Mova's primary s
---

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# Exam question 1 · Around the English-speaking world: Canada, Australia, Irel…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the system of voting employed in elections to the House of Representatives of Australia?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** system, voting, elections

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 9 «Around the English-speaking world: Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand» of the politics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/politics/9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the system of voting employed in elections to the House of Representatives of Australia?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	voting	voting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	House	House	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Representatives	Representative	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the system of voting |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  | voting *not said here* |  | elections |  | to the House of Representatives of Australia | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electors cast one vote for a party and one for a local member

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand:e1:o1:1
# text = Electors cast one vote for a party and one for a local member
1	Electors	elector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	vote	vote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past | Electors | one vote |  |  |  | for a party; for a local member | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent vote=Product for party=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electors are not required to attend, and preferences are not recorded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand:e1:o2:1
# text = Electors are not required to attend, and preferences are not recorded
1	Electors	elector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	attend	attend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	preferences	preference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **require** | present · passive |  | Electors |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **attend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **record** | present · passive |  | preferences |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electors mark a single cross, and the candidate with the most crosses is elected, irrespective of whether a majority is secured

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand:e1:o3:1
# text = Electors mark a single cross, and the candidate with the most crosses is elected, irrespective of whether a majority is secured
1	Electors	elector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mark	mark	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	crosses	cross	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	23	advmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	secured	secure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | present | Electors | a single cross |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent cross=Destination |
| 2 | **elect** | present · passive |  | the candidate with the most crosses |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **secure** | present · passive |  | a majority |  |  |  | irrespective *property* | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electors rank candidates in order of preference, and votes are transferred until one candidate secures a majority

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:politics:9-around-the-english-speaking-world-canada-australia-ireland-new-zealand:e1:o4:1
# text = Electors rank candidates in order of preference, and votes are transferred until one candidate secures a majority
1	Electors	elector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rank	rank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	candidates	candidate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	preference	preference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
13	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	secures	secure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	majority	majority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rank** | present | Electors | candidates |  | order of preference |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent candidate=Theme |
| 2 | **transfer** | present · passive |  | votes |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **secure** | present | one candidate | a majority |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition majority=Theme |
| 4 | **order** |  |  | preference |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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