---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bull… — The fight I lost and the bullying I ca… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bullying, as distinct from a single altercation? Exam question 1 of lesson 18 «The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bullying, as distinct from a single altercation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, bully

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 18 «The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/reflection/18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bullying, as distinct from a single altercation?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	altercation	altercation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **bully** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A single disagreement between two parties of equal standing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape:e1:o1:1
# text = A single disagreement between two parties of equal standing
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	standing	standing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Conduct witnessed exclusively by members of staff

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape:e1:o2:1
# text = Conduct witnessed exclusively by members of staff
1	Conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:agent	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** | participle |  | Conduct *not said here* |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any physical contact occurring upon school premises

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape:e1:o3:1
# text = Any physical contact occurring upon school premises
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	occurring	occur	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	premises	premise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | gerund | any physical contact *not said here* |  |  | school premises |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon premise=Location |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repeated, intentional harm by a party possessing greater power

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape:e1:o4:1
# text = Repeated, intentional harm by a party possessing greater power
1	Repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	intentional	intentional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | participle |  | intentional harm |  |  |  | by a party | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **possess** | gerund | a party *not said here* | greater power |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot power=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [The fight I lost and the bullying I can't escape](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/18-the-fight-i-lost-and-the-bullying-i-cant-escape/)