---
title: Identify the principal reason for which disputes arising from a coll… — Fights, racism and being a bystander · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which disputes arising from a collision during sport may be avoided. Exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Fights, racism and being a bystander» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 2 · Fights, racism and being a bystander

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which disputes arising from a collision during sport may be avoided.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal reason · **What happens:** identify, dispute, arise, avoid · **To what, where:** collision, principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 20 «Fights, racism and being a bystander» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/reflection/20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which disputes arising from a collision during sport may be avoided.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	disputes	dispute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	arising	arise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	during	during	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	avoided	avoid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **dispute** | present | the principal reason |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **arise** | gerund | the principal reason *not said here* |  |  | a collision | during sport |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **avoid** | may · passive |  | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: subject=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertaining whether the collision was accidental before reacting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander:e2:o1:1
# text = Ascertaining whether the collision was accidental before reacting
1	Ascertaining	ascertain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	accidental	accidental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	reacting	react	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the collision |  |  |  |  | accidental *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **react** | gerund | the collision *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reacting with maximal anger before any facts are known

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander:e2:o2:1
# text = Reacting with maximal anger before any facts are known
1	Reacting	react	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	maximal	maximal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **react** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with maximal anger | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with anger=Eventuality |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive |  | any facts |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presuming in all cases that any collision was intentional and responding in kind

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander:e2:o3:1
# text = Presuming in all cases that any collision was intentional and responding in kind
1	Presuming	presume	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	collision	collision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	intentional	intentional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	responding	respond	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **presume** | gerund |  |  |  | all cases |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | any collision | all cases *not said here* |  |  |  | intentional *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **respond** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  | kind |  |  | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Declining to participate in any team sport whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander:e2:o4:1
# text = Declining to participate in any team sport whatsoever
1	Declining	decline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	participate	participate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **participate** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in any team sport | vn cooperate-73.1-2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in sport=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Fights, racism and being a bystander, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander/e1/)
- next →: [Fights, racism and being a bystander, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Fights, racism and being a bystander](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/20-fights-racism-and-being-a-bystander/)