---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises nigh… — The mind at night: replays, worst-case… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises nightmares experienced after a bereavement? Exam question 1 of lesson 26 «The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightmares» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the 
---

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# Exam question 1 · The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightm…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises nightmares experienced after a bereavement?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, experience · **To what, where:** nightmares

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 26 «The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightmares» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/reflection/26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises nightmares experienced after a bereavement?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	nightmares	nightmare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | nightmares |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **experience** | participle |  | nightmares *not said here* |  |  | after a bereavement |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They constitute reliable predictions of future misfortune

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares:e1:o1:1
# text = They constitute reliable predictions of future misfortune
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	reliable	reliable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	predictions	prediction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | They | reliable predictions of future misfortune |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme prediction=Pivot |
| 2 | **predict** |  |  | future misfortune |  |  |  |  | nom prediction «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They indicate that a further bereavement is imminent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares:e1:o2:1
# text = They indicate that a further bereavement is imminent
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	further	further	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bereavement	bereavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	imminent	imminent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | a further bereavement |  |  |  |  | imminent *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are experienced only by persons of poor character or weak nerve

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares:e1:o3:1
# text = They are experienced only by persons of poor character or weak nerve
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	nerve	nerve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **experience** | present · passive | persons of poor character or weak nerve | They |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They reflect the brain's processing of strong feelings and do not foretell events

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares:e1:o4:1
# text = They reflect the brain's processing of strong feelings and do not foretell events
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	processing	processing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	foretell	foretell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | They | the brain's processing of strong feelings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **foretell** | infinitive · do-support | They *not said here* | events |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent event=Theme |
| 3 | **process** |  | the brain | strong feelings |  |  |  |  | nom processing «process transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The mind at night: replays, worst-case…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares/t11/)
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- ↑ back to [The mind at night: replays, worst-case thinking and nightmares](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/26-the-mind-at-night-replays-worst-case-thinking-and-nightmares/)