---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — When it was my fault: owning up and ma… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of guilt following an error? Exam question 1 of lesson 5 «When it was my fault: owning up and making it right» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 1 · When it was my fault: owning up and making it right

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of guilt following an error?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** function · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** function, error

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 5 «When it was my fault: owning up and making it right» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the function of guilt following an error?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the function of guilt |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **follow** | gerund | the function of guilt *not said here* | a error |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent error=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is without any useful function whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e1:o1:1
# text = It is without any useful function whatsoever
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | without any useful function; whatsoever *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It serves to encourage greater care on future occasions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e1:o2:1
# text = It serves to encourage greater care on future occasions
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	occasions	occasion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **encourage** | to-infinitive |  | greater care |  |  |  | on future occasions | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent care=Recipient on occasion=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It serves as a penalty to be endured for the remainder of one's life

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e1:o3:1
# text = It serves as a penalty to be endured for the remainder of one's life
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	endured	endure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	remainder	remainder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | It |  |  |  |  | as a penalty | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as penalty=Attribute |
| 2 | **endure** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | for the remainder of one's life | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It indicates that the person concerned is incapable of reform

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e1:o4:1
# text = It indicates that the person concerned is incapable of reform
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	concerned	concerned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	incapable	incapable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	reform	reform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the person | incapable |  |  |  | of reform | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [When it was my fault: owning up and ma…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/t10/)
- next →: [When it was my fault: owning up and ma…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/e2/)
- ↑ back to [When it was my fault: owning up and making it right](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/)